Abstract

Author:
Mulikat O Muhibi, Mukhtar A Muhibi, Musa A Muhibi

Doi: 10.26480/jhcdc.02.2025.69.72

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

This comprehensive review examines Nigeria’s legal and regulatory landscape concerning health information privacy, governance, and freedom of information. It analyzes recent developments, challenges, and opportunities within the Nigerian healthcare sector, drawing on current legislation, case studies, and international comparisons. The study explores Nigeria’s health information privacy framework, encompassing the Constitution, National Health Act (2014), and Nigeria Data Protection Regulation (2019).Recent initiatives, including the Nigeria Data Protection Bill (2020) and implementation guidelines, are discussed. The review identifies key challenges such as legal fragmentation, limited enforcement capacity, and the rapid pace of technological advancements outstripping legislative efforts. Health information governanceis assessed through the lens of regulatory bodies like the Federal Ministry of Health, National Health Insurance Scheme, and National Primary Health Care Development Agency. Recent initiatives, including the National Health Information System Policy (2021) and eHealth Strategy (2022-2026), are evaluated. Significant implementation challenges, including infrastructure limitations, capacity gaps, and interoperability issues, are highlighted. The review examines the application of the Freedom of Information Act (2011) in the health sector, revealing progress in transparency but persistent challenges in balancing information access with privacy concerns. Case studies illustrate the practical implications of these laws and policies in the Nigerian context. A comparative analysis with international standards, including the EU’s GDPR, US HIPAA, and WHO guidelines, provides perspective on Nigeria’s current position and areas for improvement. The review concludes with recommendations for strengthening the legal framework, enhancing governance structures, improving technological infrastructure, promoting public awareness, and reinforcing enforcement mechanisms. This analysis offers valuable insights for policymakers, healthcare professionals, researchers, and stakeholders involved in shaping Nigeria’s approach to health information management. It under scores the need for a balanced, integrated approach that protects individual privacy while fostering transparency and innovation in the rapidly evolving digital health landscape.